Effect of -NBOMe Compounds on Sensorimotor, Motor, and Prepulse Inhibition Responses in Mice in Comparison With the 2C Analogs and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: From Preclinical Evidence to Forensic Implication in Driving Under the Influence of Drugs.
Micaela Tirri, Sabrine Bilel, Raffaella Arfè, Giorgia Corli, Beatrice Marchetti, Tatiana Bernardi, Federica Boccuto, Giovanni Serpelloni, Francesco Botrè, Fabio De-Giorgio, Krystyna Gołembiowska, Matteo Marti
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.875722 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Experimental study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | Mice |
| Interventions | 25H-NBOMe 25I-NBOMe 25B-NBOMe 2C compounds analogs LSD |
| Dose | 0.001-10 mg/kg |
| Topics | LSD |
| Keywords | -nbome 2c compounds Phenethylamine Pre-pulse inhibition Sensorimotor |
| Citations | 17 |
| Key findings | Halogenated -NBOMe derivatives (25I-NBOMe and 25B-NBOMe) impair sensorimotor, reaction time, and prepulse inhibition responses more potently than their 2C analogs or LSD. |
Abstract
In the last decade, the market for new psychoactive substances has been enriched by numerous psychedelic phenethylamines, which mimic the psychoactive effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). In particular, the -NBOMe series, which are more potent than their 2C compounds analogs, are considered worthy substitutes for LSD by users. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of 25H-NBOMe and its halogenated derivatives (25I-NBOMe and 25B-NBOMe) in comparison to their 2C compounds analogs and LSD on the sensorimotor (visual, acoustic, and overall tactile), reaction time, spontaneous (total distance traveled) and stimulated (drag, accelerod test) motor activity, grip strength test, and prepulse inhibition (PPI) responses in mice. Systemic administration of -NBOMe, 2C compounds analogs, and LSD (0.001-10 mg/kg) differently impaired the sensorimotor, reaction time, motor, and PPI responses in mice. In particular, halogenated (25I and 25B)-NBOMe derivatives appear to be more effective than the entire class of 2C compounds analogs in altering visual and acoustic responses, affecting reaction time, and motor and sensory gating in PPI test. In fact, the specific rank order of compounds potency for nearly all of the experiments showed that (25I and 25B)-NBOMe were more potent than 2C compounds analogs and LSD. -NBOMe and 2C compounds analogs impaired not only the reception of incoming sensory stimuli (visual and acoustic), but their correct brain processing (PPI) in an equal and sometimes stronger way than LSD. This sensory impairment directly affected the spontaneous motor response and reaction time of mice, with no change in performance in stimulated motor activity tests. These aspects should be carefully considered to better understand the potential danger that psychedelic phenethylamines, in particular -NBOMe, may pose to public health, with particular reference to decreased performance in driving and hazardous works that require special sensorimotor skills.
Comparable studies
Other preclinical and animal studies on LSD, most cited first.
Citations in the library
Cited by 11
- Psychedelics: A review of their effects on recalled aversive memories and fear/anxiety expression in rodents Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews September 20, 2024
- Molecular and Medical Aspects of Psychedelics International Journal of Molecular Sciences December 23, 2023
- The effect of low-dose psilocybin on brain neurotransmission and rat behavior. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry April 2, 2025
- 25X-NBOMe compounds - chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. A comprehensive review. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 2023
- Pharmaco-toxicological effects of the novel tryptamine hallucinogen 5-MeO-MiPT on motor, sensorimotor, physiological, and cardiorespiratory parameters in mice-from a human poisoning case to the preclinical evidence. Psychopharmacology March 1, 2024
and 6 more in the library
Cites 50
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- The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics November 11, 2008
- Receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive tryptamines compared with classic hallucinogens. European Neuropsychopharmacology May 20, 2016
and 45 more in the library