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Psilocybin for Depression and Anxiety in Cancer Patients

Tammie E. Quest, Ali John Zarrabi

2025 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780197770337.003.0038 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Randomized, double-blind, crossover trial
Sample size 51
Population Cancer patients with symptoms of depression and anxiety
Interventions Psilocybin Psychotherapy
Dose low-dose psilocybin (placebo) and high-dose psilocybin
Duration 5 weeks between dosing sessions, 6-month follow-up
Topics Anxiety Psilocybin Depression
Keywords Depression economics Cancer Clinical psychology Psychotherapist Hallucinogen Keynesian economics
Key findings High-dose psilocybin combined with psychotherapy produced large, durable reductions in depression and anxiety in cancer patients, mediated by mystical-type experiences.

Abstract

Abstract Fifty-one cancer patients with symptoms of depression and anxiety were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial using low-dose psilocybin (placebo) and high-dose psilocybin (intervention group) combined with psychotherapy with 5 weeks between dosing sessions and at 6-month follow-up. Participants in the intervention group had large decreases in clinician- and self-rated measures of depression and anxiety. They also had improvements in quality of life, life meaning, and optimism and decreases in death anxiety at 5 weeks. Significant changes in depression and anxiety were durable for around 80% of participants at 6-month follow-up. A mystical-type experience on the drug session day mediated the effect of psilocybin dose on the therapeutic outcomes.

Comparable studies

Other randomized controlled trials on psilocybin for anxiety, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial Cancer patients with life-threatening diagnoses and symptoms of depression and/or anxiety 2016 Randomized controlled trial n = 51
Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial Patients with cancer-related anxiety and depression 2016 Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial n = 29
Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance Hallucinogen-naïve adults reporting regular participation in religious or spiritual... 2006 Double-blind study n = 36
Pilot Study of Psilocybin Treatment for Anxiety in Patients With Advanced-Stage Cancer Adults with advanced-stage cancer and anxiety 2010 Double-blind, placebo-controlled study n = 12
Acute, subacute and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of experimental studies Healthy human subjects 2010 Pooled analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled experimental studies n = 110

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