Psilocybin's effects on obsessive-compulsive behaviors: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence
James J Gattuso, Bilgenur Bezcioglu, Carey Wilson, Kato Havaux, Anthony J. Hannan, Thibault Renoir
Psychedelics. October 28, 2025 DOI: 10.61373/pp025i.0044 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Systematic review Placebo-controlled Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 13 |
| Population | Clinical and preclinical studies on psilocybin or psilocin for obsessive-compulsive symptoms or behaviors |
| Intervention | psilocybin |
| Topics | Anxiety Depression Psilocybin Serotonin |
| Keywords | Hallucinogen Clinical trial Mood Dosing Neuroimaging Obsessive compulsive Pharmacology Preclinical research Human studies Clinical psychology Animal studies Riluzole |
| Citations | 1 |
| Key findings | Psilocybin produces rapid reductions in obsessive-compulsive symptoms in clinical populations and lasting anti-compulsive effects in validated animal models. |
Abstract
Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with growing evidence for efficacy in mood disorders, and its therapeutic potential in obsessive—compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions is increasingly recognised but remains understudied. We systematically evaluated clinical and preclinical evidence on psilocybin's effects on obsessive and compulsive behaviours with attention to translational relevance. A systematic search identified 13 eligible studies (4 clinical trials and 9 preclinical investigations examining psilocybin or psilocin on obsessive—compulsive symptoms or behaviours), and reporting followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In clinical studies, single doses of psilocybin led to rapid reductions in obsessive-compulsive symptoms, including in patients with OCD and body dysmorphic disorder. In wild-type mice, psilocybin acutely decreased marble-burying behaviour, although this effect was transient and not observed beyond the first day after administration. In contrast, in SAPAP3 knockout mice—a validated genetic model of compulsive behaviour—a single administration of psilocybin produced robust, enduring reductions in excessive grooming, and these lasting anti-compulsive effects were replicated across independent laboratories and doses. Additionally, chronic hallucinogenic doses of psilocybin did not improve anxiety-like or compulsive-like behaviour in SAPAP3 knockout mice; however, a separate study in Long—Evans rats found that chronic sub-hallucinogenic psilocybin reduced self-grooming and enhanced expression of synaptic markers in the paraventricular thalamus. Together, the evidence suggests that psilocybin transiently reduces obsessive—compulsive symptoms in clinical populations and produces lasting anti-compulsive effects in validated animal models. Future clinical studies should include larger placebo-controlled trials and incorporate neuroimaging to assess psilocybin's impact on fronto-striatal circuitry implicated in OCD pathophysiology.
Comparable studies
Other systematic reviews and meta-analyses on psilocybin for anxiety, most cited first.