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Motives and Side-Effects of Microdosing With Psychedelics Among Users

Nadia R. P. W. Hutten, Natasha L. Mason, Patrick C. Dolder, Kim P. C. Kuypers

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology May 30, 2019 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz029 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Cross-sectional survey Placebo-controlled Peer reviewed
Sample size 1,116
Population Psychedelic users with microdosing experience
Topics Psilocybin Microdosing
Keywords Hallucinogen Placebo Pharmacology
Citations 132
Key findings Performance enhancement was the main motive for microdosing, but the most common reason for stopping was lack of effectiveness.

Abstract

Abstract Background Microdosing with psychedelics has gained considerable media attention where it is portrayed as a performance enhancer, especially popular on the work floor. While reports are in general positive, scientific evidence about potential negative effects is lacking aside from the prevalence and motives for use. The present study addressed this gap by surveying psychedelic users about their experience with microdosing including their dosing schedule, motivation, and potential experienced negative effects.

Methods: An online questionnaire was launched on several websites and fora between March and July 2018. Respondents who had consented, were 18 years of age or older, and had experience with microdosing were included in the analyses.

Results: In total, 1116 of the respondents were either currently microdosing (79.5%) or microdosed in the past (20.5%). Lysergic acid diethylamide (10 mcg) and psilocybin (0.5 g) were the most commonly used psychedelics with a microdosing frequency between 2 and 4 times per week. The majority of users, however, were oblivious about the consumed dose. Performance enhancement was the main motive to microdose (37%). The most reported negative effects were of psychological nature and occurred acutely while under the influence.

Conclusion: In line with media reports and anecdotes, the majority of our respondents microdosed to enhance performance. Negative effects occurred mostly acutely after substance consumption. However, the main reason to have stopped microdosing was that it was not effective. Future experimental placebo-controlled studies are needed to test whether performance enhancement can be quantified and to assess potential negative effects after longer term microdosing.

In the evidence

This study is part of the evidence base for 2 syntheses in the library. Here is how each one recorded it.

  • Performance enhancement was the main motive for microdosing, but the most common reason for stopping was lack of effectiveness, and negative effects were mostly acute psychological effects.

    Synthesized

  • Performance enhancement was the main motive for microdosing (37%), but the most common reason for stopping was lack of effectiveness; the most reported negative effects were psychological and occurred acutely.

    Synthesized

Comparable studies

Other cross-sectional and survey studies on psilocybin and microdosing, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Microdosing psychedelics: Motivations, subjective effects and harm reduction People aged 16 years or older who had used psychedelics and could comprehend written... 2019 Cross-sectional survey n = 525
Microdosing psychedelics: Demographics, practices, and psychiatric comorbidities Adults recruited primarily from the online forum Reddit 2020 Cross-sectional survey n = 909
Microdosing psychedelics: Subjective benefits and challenges, substance testing behavior, and the relevance of intention People who reported microdosing lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin in the past 12... 2020 Cross-sectional survey n = 6,753
Prevalence and Reasons for Microdosing Cannabis, Psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA Among U.S. Adults U.S. adults 2026 Cross-sectional survey n = 1,523
Psilocybin microdosing in the United States: Insights from a nationally representative survey US adults 2026 Survey study

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