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From Egoism to Ecoism: Psychedelics Increase Nature Relatedness in a State-Mediated and Context-Dependent Manner.

Hannes Kettner, Sam Gandy, Eline Haijen, Robin Carhart-Harris

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health December 16, 2019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245147 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Prospective online study Peer reviewed
Sample size 654
Population Individuals planning to use a psychedelic
Intervention psychedelic use
Duration 2-year follow-up
Topics Ego dissolution
Keywords Acute effects Mental health Nature exposure Nature relatedness Psychedelics Set and setting Well-being
Citations 159
Key points Nature relatedness was significantly increased 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 2 years after a psychedelic experience, and this increase was positively correlated with psychological well-being and depended on ego-dissolution and the influence of natural surroundings during the acute state.

Abstract

(1)

Background: There appears to be a growing disconnection between humans and their natural environments which has been linked to poor mental health and ecological destruction. Previous research suggests that individual levels of nature relatedness can be increased through the use of classical psychedelic compounds, although a causal link between psychedelic use and nature relatedness has not yet been established. (2)

Methods: Using correlations and generalized linear mixed regression modelling, we investigated the association between psychedelic use and nature relatedness in a prospective online study. Individuals planning to use a psychedelic received questionnaires 1 week before (N = 654), plus one day, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 2 years after a psychedelic experience. (3)

Results: The frequency of lifetime psychedelic use was positively correlated with nature relatedness at baseline. Nature relatedness was significantly increased 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 2 years after the psychedelic experience. This increase was positively correlated with concomitant increases in psychological well-being and was dependent on the extent of ego-dissolution and the perceived influence of natural surroundings during the acute psychedelic state. (4)

Conclusions: The here presented evidence for a context- and state-dependent causal effect of psychedelic use on nature relatedness bears relevance for psychedelic treatment models in mental health and, in the face of the current ecological crisis, planetary health.

In the evidence

This study is part of the evidence base for a synthesis in the library. Here is how each one recorded it.

  • Nature relatedness increased after psychedelic use and remained elevated at two years, with the increase dependent on the extent of ego dissolution and natural surroundings during the acute state.

    Synthesized

Comparable studies

Other observational and cohort studies on ego dissolution, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Increased Global Functional Connectivity Correlates with LSD-Induced Ego Dissolution. Human participants 2016 Observational cohort
Sub-acute and long-term effects of ayahuasca on affect and cognitive thinking style and their association with ego dissolution Non-pathological ayahuasca ceremony attendees in the Netherlands and Colombia 2018 Observational cohort n = 57
Neural and subjective effects of inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine in natural settings. Healthy and experienced participants 2021 Observational field study n = 35
Mystical and Ego-Dissolution Experiences in Ayahuasca and Jurema Holistic Rituals: An Exploratory Study Participants in ayahuasca and jurema rituals in a natural environment 2023 Observational study n = 26
Dynamic medial parietal and hippocampal deactivations under DMT relate to sympathetic output and altered sense of time, space, and the self Healthy volunteers 2025 Observational cohort n = 14

Citations in the library

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