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Induced ruminative and mindful self-focus in daily life across the menstrual cycle in women with and without premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Sibel Nayman, Isabelle Florence Schricker, Ioanna Franziska Grammatikos, Iris Reinhard, Christine Kuehner

Behaviour Research and Therapy December 1, 2024 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104630 (opens in new tab)

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Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Observational cohort with ambulatory induction and assessment Peer reviewed
Sample size 120
Population Women with and without Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Intervention mindful self-focus induction
Duration Two days during the follicular phase and two days during the late luteal phase
Topics Meditation
Keywords Ambulatory assessment Ambulatory induction Menstrual cycle Premenstrual dysphoric disorder Rumination
Citations 2
Key findings Women with PMDD showed stronger increases in positive affect in response to mindful self-focus inductions during the late luteal phase compared to healthy controls, while induced rumination increased negative affect and rumination across all participants regardless of cycle phase.

Abstract

Rumination and mindfulness are transdiagnostic risk and protective factors while their role in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the cycle-phase-specific effects of rumination and mindful self-focus on momentary mood and cognitions in women with and without PMDD. This study involved brief ambulatory inductions of ruminative and mindful self-focus along with ambulatory assessments of negative (NA) and positive affect (PA), and rumination, present-moment-awareness (PMA) and self-acceptance on two days during both the follicular and late luteal phase in women with and without PMDD (n = 60 each). Compared to healthy controls, women with PMDD showed stronger increases in PA in response to mindful self-focus inductions during the late luteal phase, whereas no such group differences were identified during the follicular phase. Independent of clinical status and cycle phase, induced ruminative self-focus immediately increased momentary NA and rumination and decreased PMA, whereas induced mindful self-focus inductions increased momentary self-acceptance. Overall, higher PA-reactivity toward mindful self-focusing during late luteal phase in women with PMDD points to the potential of cycle-phase-specific mindfulness interventions for PMDD. Irrespective of cycle phase, rumination and mindfulness appear to represent targets for brief prevention and intervention measures for both non-clinical and clinical groups.

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Meditation experience is associated with differences in default mode network activity and connectivity Experienced meditators and matched meditation-naive controls 2011 Observational cohort
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