Sufi views on human personality center on a spiritual structure composed of spirit, heart, and soul, which together form completing instruments, with reason serving as a logical conscious entity. This perspective is derived from mystical experience, guidance from previous teachers (murshid), and the text of the holy Qur'an. The paper, based on a literary survey, aims to explain personality theories and identify common threads among Sufi figures. Mystical experience yields diverse and varied interpretations.
Members of the Tarekat Syattariyah order in Kudus experience a tight community bond shaped by three factors: the mursyid's and members' concern for financial issues, a sense of communality and brotherhood, and the belief that the power of dzikir helps them die peacefully (khusnul khotimah). The order's teachings cover deity and nature, insan kamil, and dzikir, with dzikir practice divided into three stages—mubtadi, mutawasitah, and muntahi—that members reach by carrying out makrifat tanziyyah and makrifat tasybiyyah.