Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
April 1, 2026
Aaron B Deutsch, Natalie E Ebeling-Koning, Alex J. Krotulski et al.
Dissociative agents, such as phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine, belong to the arylcyclohexylamine class. During illicit synthesis, numerous analogs of PCP can be produced. To date, over 60 psychoactive "designer" derivatives have been identified, and most are undetectable by standard drug testing. This case describes the first laboratory-confirmed use of 3-methyl-PCP, a novel arylcyclohexylamine...
Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
2026
Shaun L. Greene, Rebecca Fawcett, Jared Castle et al.
1 citation
Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) is a semi-synthetic hydrogenated derivative of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). HHC emerged within global markets in 2021and has been detected within unregulated cannabis products. A 32-year-old male presented to hospital 1.5 h following ingestion of a single gummy, which had been sold as a THC product. Symptoms included nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, a...
Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
2025
Caitlin E Wolfe, Lachlan J Sund, John Rh Archer et al.
5 citations
Novel Psychoactive Substance (NPS) use is increasingly prevalent and is often associated with severe acute recreational drug toxicity (ARDT). 258 UK deaths were attributed to NPS use in 2021. Confirmatory testing which identifies NPS is limited by expense and timeliness. We aimed to identify NPS and other recreational drugs in a sample of 1000 ARDT presentations to a central London hospital in...
Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
December 1, 2015
Adebisi I Obafemi, Kurt Kleinschmidt, Collin Goto et al.
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are emerging designer drugs of abuse. Most reports on the health effects of these drugs are case reports. Unlike SCRAs, marijuana has classically been used via many routes of exposure including oral, such as in brownies. We report on 11 symptomatic patients who unknowingly ingested brownies laced with analytically confirmed SCRA and presented with...
Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
March 1, 2014
Samuel J Stellpflug, Samantha E Kealey, Cullen B Hegarty et al.
92 citations
2C designer drugs have been in use since the 1970s, but new drugs continue to develop from substitutions to the base phenethylamine structure. This creates new clinical profiles and difficulty with laboratory confirmation. 2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine (25I-NBOMe) is a relatively new 2C drug that is more potent than structural 2C analogs; exposure reports...
Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
June 1, 2013
Adam Bosak, Frank Lovecchio, Michael Levine
59 citations
The phenethylamines, including 2, 5 dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine, commonly referred to as 2C-I, have recently emerged as a new class of designer drugs. Cases of toxicity from these drugs are not well described in the literature. This case report describes a 19 year-old male who insufflated 2C-I. Following the ingestion, the patient developed recurrent seizures, and was taken to the emergency...
Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
March 1, 2012
Christopher D Rosenbaum, Stephanie P Carreiro, Kavita M. Babu
356 citations
Despite their widespread Internet availability and use, many of the new drugs of abuse remain unfamiliar to health care providers. The herbal marijuana alternatives, like K2 or Spice, are a group of herbal blends that contain a mixture of plant matter in addition to chemical grade synthetic cannabinoids. The synthetic cathinones, commonly called "bath salts," have resulted in nationwide...
Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
June 2006
Nitin K Sethi, Paul Mullin, Josh Torgovnick et al.
Nitrous oxide is a commonly abused inhalant drug. It is known to precipitate vitamin B12 deficiency when used chronically and acutely, especially in people having marginal vitamin B12 reserve. We are presenting a case of nitrous oxide "whippit" abuse in a thirty-three-year-old male with bizarre behavior and delusions. The patient had low normal levels of vitamin B12 (202 pg/ml), but he had...