What is consciousness? Artificial intelligence, real intelligence, quantum mind and qualia
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society August 24, 2022 Stuart Kauffman, Andrea Roli 52 citations
Consciousness is approached not as Descartes' systematic doubt but as organisms finding their way in the world by detecting affordances—possible uses of features that are beneficial or harmful. Affordances are indefinite, unordered, non-listable, and not deducible from one another. Biological adaptations arise either from heritable variation and selection or, faster, from organisms finding novel uses. This leads to five conclusions: artificial general intelligence based on universal Turing machines is impossible because they cannot find novel affordances; brain-mind is not purely classical physics; brain-mind must be partly quantum, supported at 6.0–7.3 sigma; mind actualizes potentia (quantum possibilities) into actuals, supported at 5.2 sigma, experienced as qualia enabling perception of uses; and trans-Turing systems beyond quantum computers are discussed.