Sufism and transpersonal psychology together offer alternative perspectives and practices for addressing identity crisis, existential anxiety, and the search for meaning in modern life. Through phenomenological qualitative methodology, data from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with students and supervisors at the Al-Huda Islamic Boarding School in Central Lombok show that integrating Sufistic spiritual understanding with transpersonal psychological insight facilitates holistic self-development, guiding higher consciousness and a more meaningful life. The dialogue between Islamic spiritual traditions and modern psychological science enriches theoretical understanding and daily practice for self-integration and spiritual depth.
Mystical thinking in ancient Chinese culture was originally expressed through spoken sound and language, as seen in blessings, declarations to spirits, shamanic practices, court and folk poetry, and proverbs. This paper examines materials from the Han dynasty texts of 'Chen Wei' to analyze how mystical consciousness and a preference for cautious speech and silence over verbosity were linguistically and culturally encoded. It traces the origins of this thinking back to ancient interactions with gods and spirits, then discusses how the mode of expression gradually shifted from oral sound to writing, showing an evolution in how mystical content was conveyed across Chinese cultural history.