This paper explores René Descartes’ idea of the self, focusing on its philosophical, metaphysical, and epistemological aspects. I examine how Descartes establishes the certainty of the self as a thinking substance, apart from the body, and capable of self-awareness by using the method of radical doubt and the cogito. The study highlights the conflict between the self’s undeniable existence and...
The idea of divine love as expressed in Sufi mysticism and the Bhakti movement is examined in this essay, along with the similarities and differences in its conception, application, and moral implications. I examine how Sufi mystics view divine love (ʿIshq e Haqiqi) as a transformational force that dissolves the ego and joins the seeker with the transcendent Absolute, cultivating moral virtues...