This paper develops a comparative metaphysical model in which individual minds are treated as finite concretions of a unified cosmic consciousness. The analysis connects Neoplatonic emanation, the Nous and the World Soul with Spinoza's substance, attributes, modes, and conatus. It also discusses conceptual parallels with modern theoretical physics, especially string theory, quantum...
ABSTRACT Islamic rulings on intoxicants prohibit psychoactive compounds which : veil the faculties of the mind (khamr), intoxicate (Sakr), do harm and cause enmity between people (Quran 5:91). Psychedelic drugs, recognised by some as not being within this category of intoxicants [Ibn Taymiyyah on Henbane alFataawa al-Kubra, 3/423], are still deemed intoxicants by both the Muslim world and...
AbstractProtestantism has always been suspicious about a mystical encounter with the Divine. Although the early Luther was influenced by mystical writers like Johannes Tauler the subsequent dogmatic evaluation of mystical forms of religiosity remained ambiguous. Nevertheless the real nature of mystical experience is still unclear and therefore the dogmatic judgments about mystical encounters...