Philosophy International Journal
September 20, 2023
Sudhakar Venukapalli
1 citation
The publication of Sigmund Freud's Interpretation of Dreams in 1900 raised seminal questions in psychology and psychoanalysis, but the institutional dominance of behaviorism and its standards of research marginalized dream research. Behaviorists criticized Freud's methodology as subjectivist and unscientific, leading psychologists to systematically banish dream discourses from higher learning. Although the 19th century saw early dream studies focused on phenomenology, the 20th-century movements of behaviorism, classical psychoanalysis, and gestalt psychology each undermined systematic research with larger sample sizes. This paper presents the views of Freud, Watson, Jung, Adler, and Perls to show how classical schools slowed the flow of methodical dream studies.
Philosophy International Journal
January 10, 2025
J Agusti Cullell
Meditative research, rooted in liberating intelligence, offers a way to live reality as a whole, free from divisions, by awakening awareness of a triadic symbol: creative freedom, universal intelligence, and the web of intra-actions constituting the universe. It opens the possibility of living creative freedom, truth, beauty, peace, joy, and unconditional love even during suffering, with each action being right and unique for the moment. This contrasts with model-based research, which is limited by time and accumulated knowledge, unable to keep up with reality's continuous advance. Meditative research harmonizes intelligence in all dimensions, enabling a non-temporal relationship with reality and illuminating the intelligence of need without enslavement.
Philosophy International Journal
July 1, 2024
Tripathi Rl*
The mind has been understood through many competing philosophical theories, including classical materialism, dualism, behaviorism, functionalism, and computational functionalism. Key debates center on the mind-body problem, the subjectivity of mental states, and the challenge of knowing other minds. The paper contrasts views from Aristotle, Descartes, Wittgenstein, U.T. Place, Gilbert Ryle, and Hilary Putnam, exploring how each theory shapes our understanding of consciousness, mental phenomena, and human experience.