Analytical Chemistry
January 1, 1996
Jianyi Cai, Jack D. Henion
112 citations
An on-line immunoaffinity extraction-coupled column capillary liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to detect LSD and its analogs and metabolites in human urine. The system uses three columns and allows direct analysis of diluted urine without pretreatment, eliminating sample handling steps. Concentrations as low as 2.5 parts per trillion of LSD and several analogs were detected in spiked human urine, which is 20-fold lower than the previous limit of detection using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The method was also applied to urine specimens from LSD users.
Analytical Chemistry
July 15, 1988
Hyun Kyoon Lim, David M. Andrenyak, Paula Francom et al.
68 citations
A gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry method was developed to quantify LSD and its metabolite N-demethyl-LSD in urine. The method achieved detection limits of 0.1 ng/mL for LSD and 0.2 ng/mL for N-demethyl-LSD, with linear calibration curves over a range of 0.5 to 20 ng/mL. The technique was applied to urine samples from human subjects administered known doses of LSD, demonstrating reliable identification and measurement of both compounds. The approach offers improved sensitivity and specificity for forensic and clinical detection of LSD use.
Analytical Chemistry
July 15, 1992
Chad C. Nelson, Rodger L. Foltz
64 citations
Capillary gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) methods can detect and quantify LSD, iso-LSD, and N-demethyl-LSD in urine or blood at low-pg/mL concentrations. Derivatization, sample introduction, and ionization techniques were evaluated for efficiency and specificity. Fragmentation pathways from collision-induced dissociation show principal losses from the amide and piperidine-ring moieties. Positive-ion ammonia chemical ionization with MS/MS analysis of trimethylsilyl derivatives provides high specificity for identifying these compounds. Negative-ion chemical ionization with GC/MS/MS of the trifluoroacetyl derivative is suited for trace-level identification of N-demethyl-LSD, a metabolite.
Analytical Chemistry
November 14, 2019
Eline Pottie, Annelies Cannaert, Katleen van Uytfanghe et al.
29 citations
Classic hallucinogens, which activate the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR), represent the third largest category of new psychoactive substances. A new bioassay was developed that measures receptor activation by monitoring β-arrestin2 recruitment using a split-luciferase system. The assay determined potency and efficacy for various hallucinogens, including LSD, 5-MeO-DALT, mescaline, and several 2C compounds and their NBOMe derivatives, with EC50 values ranging from subnanomolar (NBOMes) to micromolar (mescaline) levels. When applied to plasma screening, blank samples showed pronounced receptor activation due to endogenous serotonin, confirmed by its elimination with a 5-HT2AR antagonist or MAO-A treatment, and by LC-HRMS analysis. The bioassay's main application is characterizing poorly understood serotonergic hallucinogens, as MAO-A metabolism of some compounds could bias detection in biofluids.
Analytical Chemistry
February 11, 2025
Yun Wu, Mei Li, Ruidong Liu et al.
6 citations
A new portable mass spectrometry device, PDRA-LTP-ITMS, can detect illicit drugs in saliva or urine within 5 seconds using only 10 microliters of sample. The method improves sensitivity up to 10-fold compared to some other techniques and achieves detection limits for MDMA, MDA, methamphetamine, amphetamine, ketamine, and cocaine ranging from 4.5 to 20 picograms per microliter in saliva, meeting Chinese national standards. The device's performance approaches that of a high-end laboratory mass spectrometer, offering a rapid on-site tool for identifying drug-impaired drivers.
Analytical Chemistry
April 29, 2025
Zhongbao Han, Zhongyu Zhao, Meiyun Pan et al.
3 citations
A new method for quickly detecting illicit drugs in biological fluids uses paper-based sample collection combined with ultrasonic desorption and low-temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry. Optimized with ketamine, the technique achieves detection limits of 10 to 20 ng per mL, linear ranges with R² above 0.99, and recovery rates over 91% in complex fluids. It performs reliably even with drug mixtures and under varied storage conditions. Analysis takes only 3 seconds, making it suitable for high-throughput point-of-care testing and forensic screening.
Analytical Chemistry
February 7, 2017
Ana Flávia B. Andrade, Samuel Kasahun Mamo, Jose Gonzalez-Rodriguez
NBOMe derivatives are phenethylamines related to the 2C class of hallucinogens. Few human pharmacologic studies exist, but several intoxication cases and deaths have been reported. These compounds are not part of routine drug screening for many police forces, and no rapid immunoassay tests can detect them. For the first time, the voltammetric behavior of 25B-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe was investigated, and their electroanalytical characteristics were determined. A novel, fast, and sensitive screening method was developed to identify these two most common NBOMes in real samples. The method uses electrochemical oxidation to produce an analytical signal related to concentration, with an average lower limit of quantitation of 0.01 mg/mL for both. It is selective enough to identify each compound individually despite their structural similarity.