Poisonous mushrooms cause clinical syndromes ranging from gastrointestinal irritation to death. Over 90% of mushroom-poisoning deaths are due to cyclopeptide-amatoxin-containing species, especially Amanita phalloides. This article reviews the clinical syndromes, toxin mechanisms, and current treatments for various poisonous mushroom species.
Lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome is a rare condition caused by increased pressure within the muscle compartment, with only 40 reported cases. A 25-year-old man who consumed large amounts of cocaine, ketamine, and alcohol presented with severe diffuse back pain, elevated creatine kinase levels, and a negative noncontrast abdominal CT, suggesting crush syndrome. His pain localized to the right paraspinal region, and a contrast-enhanced CT showed muscle swelling and edema. Compartment syndrome was confirmed by intramuscular pressure measurement, and he underwent surgical fasciotomy, recovering uneventfully. Cocaine and ketamine can cause rhabdomyolysis, which may lead to compartment syndrome, though this is rare in the paraspinal muscles.
For anterior shoulder dislocations treated in the emergency department, the combination of ketamine and propofol (KP) provided deeper sedation, shorter procedure and recovery times, and fewer adverse events than the combination of ketamine and midazolam (KM). The average Ramsay sedation score was higher with KP, and procedure time averaged 5.7 minutes and recovery time 36.3 minutes, both significantly shorter in the KP group. Adverse events such as respiratory depression and tachycardia were more common in the KM group. The ketamine-propofol combination appears to be a safe and effective option for procedural sedation during shoulder reduction.