The widespread use of the stimulant drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly referred to as Ecstasy, Molly, or X, has been associated with life-threatening hyperthermia in both humans and animal models. This study aimed to explore the role of the gut-adrenal axis in MDMA-induced hyperthermia by examining the effects of acute exogenous supplementation with norepinephrine (NE) or...