Continuous Social Defeat Induces Depression-Like Symptoms Including Anhedonia and Slowed Time Perception that are Rapidly Reversed by Ketamine
Timing & Time Perception November 26, 2016 Bin Yin, Sven Thönes, Ruey-Kuang Cheng et al.
Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to social defeat and subordination by aggressive male Long–Evans rats. The social defeat procedure involved the continuous exposure to an aggressive resident for 10 days, while living in a protective cage within the resident’s home cage with daily brief confrontations. These stress experiences resulted in 1) reduced body weight; 2) decreased social...