Introduction: University students represent a vulnerable population navigating psychosocial transitions from adolescence to adulthood. Studies indicate that 50–60% of students worldwide experience significantly elevated anxiety levels, particularly during the final stages of their academic journey. This high prevalence can impair cognitive performance and emotional well-being. Digital...
Introduction: The prevalence of insomnia in Indonesia is still quite high around 10% to 38.5%. Mindfulness is one of the therapeutic models that can overcome the weaknesses of previous therapeutic for insomnia. Muslims need therapy that uses elements of Islam to feel the benefits. Aim: to develop mindfulness dhikr breathing therapy for insomnia. In this study, we assess the face validity,...