Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children (MBCT-C) adapts the adult MBCT program both downward (for ages 8–13) and sideways (from preventing depressive relapse to managing stress and anxiety). MBCT-C uses short, experiential group activities and age-appropriate, interactive exercises with child-friendly language, while retaining the structured group format and goals of the adult version.
Ketamine, an NMDA-receptor antagonist, produces distinct psychoactive effects depending on dose. At low anti-hyperalgesic doses, effects are minor or undetectable; at subanesthetic doses, they may include dissociative, psychotomimetic, and psychedelic experiences. At anesthetic doses, ketamine induces a state of “(full) dissociation” or disconnection rather than unconsciousness, distinguishing it from other anesthetics. The authors argue that this unique profile makes ketamine especially valuable for studying consciousness in clinical settings.