Verbal Magic In Contemporary Women’s Narratives About Nightmare Experiences In Estonia
Incantatio An International Journal on Charms Charmers and Charming January 1, 2025 Reet Hiiemäe
Verbal magic is still used in contemporary Estonia to ward off nightmare attacks, especially by women sharing personal experience narratives. Although long, elaborate charms have become rare, modern verbal magic against nightmares is more diverse than in older tradition. New international trends have influenced contemporary practice, but key elements from older folklore persist, often combined with protective objects and rituals from both traditional and new sources.