Niels A. Kloosterman

2 papers in the library · 10 citations · publishing 2024-2025

Papers

Criterion placement threatens the construct validity of neural measures of consciousness.

Elife May 28, 2025 Johannes Jacobus Fahrenfort, Philippa A. Johnson, Niels A. Kloosterman et al. 10 citations

Conservative response criterion placement unexpectedly inflates effect sizes in neural measures of both conscious and unconscious processing, while liberal criterion placement reduces them. Simulations and electroencephalography decoding analyses from two studies using common subjective awareness indicators confirm these confounding effects. The widely used Perceptual Awareness Scale (PAS) does not protect against criterion confounds. Follow-up simulations show that the experimental context determines whether the confounding effect is larger for conscious or unconscious neural measures. Criterion placement threatens the construct validity of neural measures of consciousness.

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.102335 Full text Consciousness studies Criterion Human Signal detection theory +5

Criterion placement threatens the construct validity of neural measures of consciousness

bioRxiv Preprint Server February 22, 2024 Johannes J Fahrenfort, Philippa A. Johnson, Niels A. Kloosterman et al. preprint

Conservative criterion placement in subjective awareness judgments inflates neural effect sizes for both conscious and unconscious processing, while liberal placement reduces them. Simulations and two EEG studies show that the commonly used Perceptual Awareness Scale does not protect against this confound. The findings indicate that response criterion placement threatens the construct validity of neural measures of consciousness.

DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.22.581517 Full text