Sufficient Presence: A Philosophical Investigation into the Efficacy of Online Psychotherapy and What It Reveals About the Nature of the Therapeutic Bond
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) April 24, 2026 M. V. D. Souza
This essay departs from an apparent paradox at the center of contemporary clinical psychology: controlled studies consistently demonstrate that psychotherapy conducted through digital means yields clinical outcomes equivalent or comparable to face-to-face modalities across a wide range of mental disorders. Yet phenomenology and enactivism maintain that genuine human bonding requires embodiment,...