Convergent/Divergent validity of the brief multidimensional measure of religiousness/spirituality: empirical support for emotional connectedness as a "spiritual" construct.
Journal of Religion and Health June 1, 2012 Brick Johnstone, Guy Mccormack, Dong Pil Yoon et al. 34 citations
The Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) shows adequate convergent and divergent validity when compared with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) Self-Transcendence subscales. In a cross-sectional analysis of 97 undergraduate and graduate students from a Midwestern university, all five BMMRS spirituality subscales correlated significantly with the TCI Mysticism scale. Two BMMRS scales—Daily Spiritual Experiences and Values/Beliefs—correlated significantly with the TCI Transpersonal Identification scale. No BMMRS spiritual subscales correlated significantly with the TCI Self-Forgetfulness scale. Among BMMRS religion scales, only Organizational Religiousness correlated with any TCI subscale (Mysticism). The findings suggest a distinct spiritual construct best conceptualized as emotional connectedness to the divine, nature, or others.