Despite decades of research, we do not definitively know how people sometimes see things that are not there. Eight models of complex visual hallucinations have been published since 2000, including Deafferentation, Reality Monitoring, Perception and Attention Deficit, Activation, Input, and Modulation, Hodological, Attentional Networks, Active Inference, and Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia Default...
In the context of “Kolmogorov consciousness”, the complexity of an object to be computed can be defined by the complexity of a computing system―typically a computer―represented as the number of bits in the minimal algorithm required to compute the object. In condensed matter systems under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions, macroscopic properties distinct from elementary ones can emerge...