Sleuthing subjectivity: a review of covert measures of consciousness.
Nature reviews. Neuroscience May 23, 2025 Sharif I Kronemer, Peter A Bandettini, Javier Gonzalez-Castillo 5 citations
Consciousness is private. Although conscious beings directly access their own conscious experiences, the consciousness of others must be inferred through overt report: observable behaviours - such as overt facial expressions, vocalizations and body gestures - that suggest the level, state and content of consciousness. However, overt report is limited because it can be erroneous (for example,...