5-iodo-2-aminoindan (5-IAI), a psychoactive derivative of 2-aminoindane, was identified in recreational products in the United Kingdom in 2011 after being anticipated by the EMCDDA in 2010. It is a rigid analogue of p-iodoamphetamine that produces MDMA-like effects. This paper summarizes the clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological information about this potential new drug of abuse.
Methoxydine, a dissociative anaesthetic in the arylcyclohexylamine class, pharmacodynamically resembles ketamine, a known rapid-acting antidepressant. Binding assays indicate it is an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist about as potent as ketamine but less potent than PCP. Unlike ketamine, methoxydine also inhibits reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline and acts as an agonist at sigma-1, sigma-2, and opioid receptors. The hypothesis is that methoxydine could produce rapid antidepressant effects in depressed patients at high risk of suicide, including depressed alcoholics.
Methoxetamine, a dissociative anesthetic similar to ketamine, may produce rapid antidepressant effects in patients with resistant and non-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression. Like ketamine, it acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and also binds to dopamine D2, serotonin 5HT2, muscarinic cholinergic, sigma-1, and opioid mu and k receptors. The hypothesis is that these pharmacodynamic properties could lead to rapid mood improvement, but no empirical results are reported.