Insomnia and anxiety frequently co-occur with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This study examined short-term changes in depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms post-ketamine in TRD and their inter-relationships. Seventy-one patients with TRD were assessed at baseline and 24 h after intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg). Depression, anxiety, and insomnia were measured using the...
Slow-wave activity (SWA), a key indicator of sleep homeostasis, is often diminished in individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine, a rapid-acting antidepressant, increases SWA during the first period of non-rapid eye movement (NREM1) sleep. However, research into how ketamine affects sleep and its connection to treatment outcomes in TRD has been limited by small sample...