Cardiovascular Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Annals of Internal Medicine December 19, 2000 Steven J. Lester, Matthew J. Baggott, Susette Welm et al. 140 citations
BACKGROUND: The psychoactive stimulant 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also known as "ecstasy," is widely used in nonmedical settings. Little is known about its cardiovascular effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acute cardiovascular effects of MDMA by using transthoracic two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. DESIGN: Four-session, ascending-dose, double-blind,...