Journal of Medical Regulation
December 1, 2025
Amol Soin, Y.c. Janardhan Reddy, Kris Ferguson et al.
ABSTRACT: Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that has been approved for use as a clinical and veterinary anesthetic since 1970. Although esketamine, a specific molecular form of ketamine, is FDA-approved for the management of treatment-resistant depression, regular ketamine is often used off-label at subanesthetic doses to treat depression as well as other...
Neuroscience Letters
May 4, 2016
Tracey L Petryshen, Michael Lewis, Kelly A Dennehy et al.
Current medications for depression typically require weeks of treatment before significant clinical improvement is observed, and are only effective in a relatively small subset of patients. Recent human clinical studies have demonstrated that ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, and scopolamine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, produce rapid antidepressant responses within...
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
October 1, 2003
Michael Lewis
Abstract: In this paper, I talk about several issues in regard to self and consciousness. I do so from a developmental perspective, since such a perspective may provide a framework to help understand consciousness as seen in the adult human. Briefly, the two processes I will call the machinery of the self and the mental state of the idea of me develop over the first two years of the child's...
Agency and Self-Awareness
August 27, 1992
Michael Lewis
Abstract The concept of agency implies an active organism, one who desires, one who makes plans, carries out actions, and compares their actions to their desires. Such a concept of agency requires consciousness. There is little question that in adults, such conscious processes exist. The question is, from a developmental perspective when do they arise? In our work on the development of...