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Leonard L. Howell

6 papers in the library · 294 citations · publishing 2008-2017

Papers

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3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Increases Affiliative Behaviors in Squirrel Monkeys in a Serotonin 2A Receptor-Dependent Manner

Neuropsychopharmacology September 1, 2017 Elizabeth G Pitts, Adelaide R. Minerva, Erika B Chandler et al. 20 citations

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) increases sociality in humans and animals. Release of serotonin (5-HT) is thought to have an important role in the increase in social behaviors, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. Despite the advantages of nonhuman primate models, no studies have examined the mechanisms of the social effects of MDMA in nonhuman primates....

Inhibition of serotonin transporters disrupts the enhancement of fear memory extinction by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

Psychopharmacology July 24, 2017 Matthew B Young, Seth D. Norrholm, Lara M. Khoury et al. 103 citations

We validate enhancement of fear memory extinction by MDMA in a translational behavioral model, and reveal the importance of 5-HTT and 5-HT2A receptors to this effect. These observations support future clinical research of MDMA as an adjunct to exposure therapy, and provide important pharmacological considerations for clinical use in a population frequently treated with 5-HTT inhibitors.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine facilitates fear extinction learning

Translational Psychiatry September 15, 2015 Matthew B Young, Raül Andero, Kerry J. Ressler et al. 137 citations

Abstract Acutely administered 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘ecstasy’) has been proposed to have long-term positive effects on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms when combined with psychotherapy. No preclinical data support a mechanistic basis for these claims. Given the persistent nature of psychotherapeutic gains facilitated by MDMA, we hypothesized that MDMA improves...

Neuropharmacology of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) and its stereoisomers: a combined positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging study in rhesus monkeys

The FASEB Journal April 1, 2011 Kevin S. Murnane, Leonard L. Howell

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a substituted amphetamine derivative that is widely abused as the street drug “ecstasy”. Despite its high abuse liability, the neuropharmacology of MDMA remains poorly understood. In the present study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in fully conscious rhesus monkeys to characterize the neuroactivational effects of MDMA and its...

Discriminative stimulus effects of psychostimulants and hallucinogens in S(+)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and R(-)-MDMA trained mice.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics November 1, 2009 K S Murnane, N Murai, Leonard L. Howell et al. 34 citations

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a substituted phenethylamine more commonly known as the drug of abuse "ecstasy." The acute and persistent neurochemical effects of MDMA in the mice are distinct from those in other species. MDMA shares biological effects with both amphetamine-type stimulants and mescaline-type hallucinogens, which may be attributable to distinct effects of its two...

Discriminative stimulus effects of hallucinogens and psychostimulants in S(+)‐MDMA, and R(−)‐MDMA trained mice

The FASEB Journal March 1, 2008 Kevin Sean Murnane, Leonard L. Howell, William E Fantegrossi

3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an amphetamine derivative with increasingly widespread abuse. MDMA has been difficult to classify as a stimulant or hallucinogen because it shares effects with both drug classes. Furthermore, racemic MDMA is composed of two isomers that vary in terms of behavioral effects rather than simple potency differences. Specifically, the R(−) isomer of MDMA...