Indirect effects of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) and metabolites on the cardiac cells are well-known, the mechanism(s) underlying direct MDMA-induced cardiotoxicity remaining to be clarified. To better understand the immuno-inflammatory phenomena accompanying the cardiac alterations during MDMA administration, we conducted a study in an in vivo animal model to evaluate the...
Studies conducted in humans or in animals explored the presence, nature and potential causes of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) toxicity. According to literature, there are four principal types of such serious toxicity: hepatic, cardiovascular, cerebral and hyperpyrexic. The molecular mechanisms involved in the genesis of these toxic effects are not yet fully clarified, but the...
Abstract 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐induced neurotoxicity leads to the formation of quinone metabolities and hydroxyl radicals and then to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We evaluated the effect of a single dose of MDMA (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on the enzymatic and nonenzymatic cellular antioxidant defense system in different areas of rat brain in the early hours (<6 hr)...