Patients with schizophrenia exhibit disturbances of orienting of attention. However, findings have been inconsistent. Pharmacologic challenges with hallucinogens have been used as models for psychosis. The NMDA antagonist state (PCP, ketamine) resembles undifferentiated psychoses with positive and negative symptoms, while the 5-HT(2A) agonist state (LSD, dimethyltryptamine (DMT)) is thought to...
Neuroscience LettersSeptember 27, 2002Anja Meyer, Andreas Mayerhofer, Karl‐artur Kovar et al.
3,4-methylenedioxy-methylamphetamine (MDMA) ('Ecstasy') and its analogue 3,4-methylenedioxy-methylamphetamine (MDE) ('Eve') are well known illicit street drugs mainly abused by young people. In spite of the actual research going on, the classification of their abuse potential remains unclear. Since secondary reinforcers are the main factors responsible for craving and relapse, the aim of our...
A synthetic route to the production of the pure enantiomers of the ecstasy-analogue N-Ethyl- 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDE) and its major metabolites MDA and HME is presented. The crystal and molecular structure of these compounds has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The hydrogen bonding in the crystal lattice is examined and significant differences were found by comparing (R)-...