Current psychiatric models, while clinically valuable, remain limited in their ability to account for the complexity, variability, and context dependence of mental disorders. Converging evidence from neuroscience, complexity science, and psychedelic research suggests that psychiatric symptoms may be better understood as stable patterns of organization within dynamic, multilevel systems rather...
AbstractAnthropologists have long speculated that ancient peoples of Mesoamerica used a toad,Bufo marinus, as a ritual intoxicant. This hypothesis rests on many iconographic and mythological representations of toads and on a number of speculative ethnographic reports. We rejectB. marinusas a candidate for such use because of the toxicity of its venom. A more likely candidate is the Sonoran...