Opioid system is necessary but not sufficient for antidepressive actions of ketamine in rodents
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America January 15, 2020 Matthew E. Klein, Joshua Chandra, Salma A. Sheriff et al. 157 citations
Significance Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has generated intense excitement as a therapy for treatment-resistant depression. However, ketamine and its metabolites can act on a wide range of targets, including opioid receptors, which has raised concerns. Using behavioral and cellular assays in rodents, we find that blocking opioid function prevents the antidepressant-like effects of...