Dreaming is a complex phenomenon that occurs during sleep, involving various conscious dream experiences. Lucid dreams (LDs) involve heightened awareness within the dream environment, while out-of-body experiences (OBEs) involve the sensation of being outside one's physical body. OBEs occur during sleep paralysis (SP), where voluntary movements are inhibited during sleep/wake transitions while...
In this study, we examine the structural properties of dream reports that include non-lucid, lucid dreams (LDs) and out-of-body experiences (OBEs). We collected a set of 916 dream reports (728 non-lucid dreams, 122 LDs, 68 OBEs) obtained from 60 participants that kept a dream journal for two months. The collected reports were transformed into directed graphs, where each different word plays the...
Lucid dreams (LDs) and out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are phenomena characterized by the return of higher cognitive abilities during sleep, including reflective self-awareness and abstract thought. Given the similarities in reflective self-awareness between LDs and OBEs, some authors consider them variations of the same phenomenon. This study aimed to compare the differences in content between...