British Journal of Pharmacology
March 2007
R G Pertwee, A Thomas, L A Stevenson et al.
To follow up in vitro evidence that Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin extracted from cannabis (eDelta(9)-THCV) is a CB(1) receptor antagonist by establishing whether synthetic Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin (O-4394) and Delta(8)-tetrahydrocannabivarin (O-4395) behave as CB(1) antagonists in vivo. O-4394 and O-4395 were compared with eDelta(9)-THCV as displacers of [(3)H]-CP55940 from specific...
Psychopharmacology
June 2006
Stephen A Varvel, J L Wiley, R Yang et al.
Interest persists in characterizing potential interactions between Delta(9)-tetrahydocannabinol (THC) and other marijuana constituents such as cannabidiol (CBD). Such interactions may have important implications for understanding the long-term health consequences of chronic marijuana use as well as for attempts to develop therapeutic uses for THC and other CB(1) agonists. We investigated...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
July 31, 2001
Benjamin F Cravatt, K Demarest, M P Patricelli et al.
The medicinal properties of marijuana have been recognized for centuries, but clinical and societal acceptance of this drug of abuse as a potential therapeutic agent remains fiercely debated. An attractive alternative to marijuana-based therapeutics would be to target the molecular pathways that mediate the effects of this drug. To date, these neural signaling pathways have been shown to...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
July 1, 2001
Aron H Lichtman, Justin L. Poklis, Alphonse Poklis et al.
Although the majority of cannabinoid users smoke marijuana, the preponderance of laboratory animal research is based on administration of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC) or other cannabinoid agents via injection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of inhaling marijuana, or ethanol-extracted placebo smoke in the mouse model of cannabinoid activity by assessing...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
November 1999
J L Wiley, B R Martin
Interaction of cannabinoids with GABAergic systems has been noted in a number of previous studies. In the present study, this interaction was examined in a drug-discrimination paradigm. Rats were trained to discriminate either delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC; 3 mg/kg) or diazepam (2.5 mg/kg) from vehicle in two-lever drug discrimination procedures for food reinforcement. As in previous...
European Journal of Pharmacology
August 21, 1998
J L Wiley, W J Ryan, R K Razdan et al.
Arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide), an endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptor, binds competitively to brain cannabinoid receptors and shares many, but not all, of the in vivo effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. In this study, the cannabinoid effects of anandamide analogs in which the anandamide molecule was altered were assessed in a drug discrimination model. Structural...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
December 1997
J L Wiley, K M Golden, W J Ryan et al.
In previous research arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide) has been shown to produce behavioral effects in mice characteristic of psychoactive cannabinoids, including antinociception, catalepsy, hypothermia, and hypomotility. However, differences have also been found between anandamide and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC), with anandamide having lower potency, a more rapid onset, and...
Psychopharmacology
July 1996
Aron H Lichtman, B R Martin
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the cannabinoid and cholinergic systems impair working memory through a common mechanism. This hypothesis was tested by examining whether the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A would ameliorate radial-arm performance deficits caused by either the naturally occurring cannabinoid, delta 9-THC, or scopolamine, a muscarinic antagonist. In...
Neuropharmacology
1996
J L Wiley, D R Compton, P M Gordon et al.
delta 8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 8-THC) is a naturally occurring cannabinoid with a characteristic pharmacological profile of in vivo effects. Previous studies have shown that modification of the structure of delta 8-THC by inclusion of a nitrogen-containing functional group alters this profile and may alkylate the cannabinoid receptor, similar to the manner in which beta-funaltrexamine...
Neuropharmacology
June 1995
J L Wiley, R L Barrett, J Lowe et al.
CP 55,940 is a potent synthetic bicyclic cannabinoid analog that has been used in a number of studies as a radioligand for the cannabinoid receptor. This compound shares behavioral and biochemical properties with naturally occurring cannabinoids such as delta 9-THC. The purpose of the present study was 3-fold: to establish the ability of CP 55,940 to serve as a discriminative stimulus, to...
Psychopharmacology
June 1995
Aron H Lichtman, K R Dimen, B R Martin
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the disruptive effects of cannabinoids on working memory as assessed in the eight-arm radial-maze. Systemic administration of delta 9-THC, WIN-55,212-2, and CP-55,940 increased the number of errors committed in the radial-maze. CP-55,940 was the most potent cannabinoid in impairing memory (ED50 = 0.13 mg/kg). delta 9-THC and WIN-55,212-2...
Psychopharmacology
April 1995
R L Barrett, J L Wiley, R L Balster et al.
While many previous studies have shown that a variety of cannabinoids substitute and cross-substitute for delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in drug discrimination procedures, few have systematically examined potential THC-like effects of non-cannabinoid compounds. The purpose of the present study was to delineate further the pharmacological specificity of THC discrimination. Rats were trained...
Neuropharmacology
April 1993
J L Wiley, R L Barrett, D T Britt et al.
Previous reports have suggested that delta 9-11-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-11-THC), an exocyclic analog of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC), may have weak agonist effects as well as antagonistic properties. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of delta 9-11-THC in substitution and antagonism tests in rats and in rhesus monkeys trained to discriminate delta...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
March 1, 1992
N A Darmani, B R Martin, Richard A Glennon
48 citations
The acute and chronic effects of cocaine were evaluated on the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-receptor 5-HT2 mediated behavioral function, the head-twitch response (HTR), in mice. In a recent study, we reported that the (+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane HCl (DOI)-induced HTR was dose dependently reduced by cocaine via indirect stimulation of serotonergic 5-HT1A and adrenergic...
Psychopharmacology
1992
W R Prescott, L H Gold, B R Martin
The cataleptogenic effect of delta 9-THC was compared to its discriminative stimulus effects in rats. The ED50s for the discriminative stimulus and catalepsy were 0.8 and 4.0 mg/kg, respectively, while their time courses were very similar. The ED50 of delta 9-THC for catalepsy in experimentally naive rats was not different from that in rats trained with the drug discrimination procedure,...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
August 1, 1990
N A Darmani, B R Martin, U Pandey et al.
245 citations
To investigate the possible functional relationship between 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors, we studied the effects of a nonselective 5-HT agonist (5-MeO DMT), a 5-HT1A-selective (8-OH-DPAT) and a 5-HT1B/5-HT1C-selective (TFMPP) agonist on the head-twitch behavior induced by the putative 5-HT2-selective receptor agonist (+/-)-DOI. In the mouse (+/-)-DOI produced the head-twitch response in a...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
October 1985
W D Wessinger, B R Martin, R L Balster
Four male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate IP injections of 3.0 mg/kg phencyclidine (PCP) from saline under a 2-lever fixed-ratio 32 schedule of food presentation. After reliable discriminative control of lever choice was established, other doses of injected PCP were tested resulting in dose-dependent increases in PCP-lever selection and dose-dependent decreases in rates of...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
July 1984
B R Martin, M J Kallman, G F Kaempf et al.
The pharmacological potency of R- and S-3'-hydroxy-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was compared to that of delta 9-THC as well as R/S-3'-OH-delta 9-THC. The S-isomer was found to be considerably more potent than the R-isomer in producing hypoactivity in mice, static-ataxia in dogs, and in generalization testing in rats trained to discriminate delta 9-THC from vehicle. S-3'-OH-delta 9-THC was...