Ketamine offers rapid relief for treatment-resistant depression and severe pain in the clinic, providing immediate benefits that traditional medications often fail to deliver. While its antagonistic action at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a key mechanism, ketamine's dual nature as both a promising treatment and a drug with abuse potential suggests its therapeutic effects extend...
The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) represents a highly desirable therapeutic target for treating not only pain but also addiction and affective disorders1. However, the development of KOR analgesics has been hindered by the associated hallucinogenic side effects2. The initiation of KOR signalling requires the Gi/o-family proteins including the conventional (Gi1, Gi2, Gi3, GoA and GoB) and...