3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), widely misused for its euphoric and stimulant properties, induces overt neurotoxicity in rodents and non-human primates and is associated with profound neurochemical and structural brain alterations. Its deleterious effects are primarily mediated through oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory responses, and apoptotic pathways. Glutathione, a crucial...
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a synthetic psychoactive amphetamine derivative widely abused as the recreational drug “ecstasy,” is associated with oxidative stress–mediated cardiotoxicity and hematological disturbances. Despite documented antioxidant properties of quercetin and vitamin E individually, limited evidence exists regarding their combined protective efficacy against...