The solid-state structures of N-ethyl-4-hy-droxy-tryptamine (4-HO-NET) {systematic name: 3-[2-(ethyl-amino)-eth-yl]-1H-indol-4-ol}, C12H16N2O, and 4-hy-droxy-N-propyl-tryptamine (4-HO-NPT) {systematic name: 3-[2-(propyl-amino)-eth-yl]-1H-indol-4-ol}, C13H18N2O, are reported. Both compounds possess a single tryptamine mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit that exhibits an inter-nal O-H⋯N hydrogen...
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Tryptamine psychedelics induce psychoactive effects via agonist actions at serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT 2A ), but the compounds are generally nonselective. 4-Methoxy- N -methyl- N -isopropyltryptamine (4-MeO-MiPT) is a 5-HT 2A agonist which also blocks the 5-HT transporter (SERT) and has blunted visual and other psychedelic effects in humans....
ChemBioChemApril 1, 2026Sebastian Schober, Lisa Dorfmann, Karl Walther et al.
Apart from the psychedelic psilocybin, the metabolite spectrum of Psilocybe "magic mushrooms" comprises sesquiterpenes, a class of natural products known to exhibit receptor-modulating bioactivities. However, the composition of the sesquiterpene profile has largely remained an open question. Here, we report the characterization of five Psilocybe cubensis sesquiterpene synthases, both in vitro...
Psilocybe “magic mushrooms” are best known for their indolethylamine psilocybin, yet they encode enzymes for a much more diverse arsenal of small and potentially bioactive molecules. Herein, four Psilocybe cubensis clade III sesquiterpene synthases, CubB‐CubE, whose genes are differently expressed in fruiting bodies compared to vegetative mycelium are reported. CubB‐CubE were functionally...
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltrytpamine (5-MeO-DMT) analogs are used as recreational drugs, but they are also being developed as potential medicines, warranting further investigation into their pharmacology. Here, we investigated the neuropharmacology of 5-MeO-DMT and several of its N-alkyl, N-allyl, and 2-methyl analogs, with three major aims: 1) to determine in vitro receptor profiles for the...
The solid-state structure of the title salt/adduct (systemic name: bis{[2-(4-acetyloxy-1 H -indol-3-yl)ethyl](ethyl)propylazanium} but-2-enedioate–( E )-butenedioic acid (1/1)), 2C 17 H 25 N 2 O 2 + ·C 4 H 2 O 4 2− ·C 4 H 4 O 4 , was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit consists of a singly protonated tryptammonium cation, one half of a fumarate dianion and one...
Abstract Psilocybe “magic mushrooms” are chemically well understood for their psychotropic tryptamines. However, the diversity of their other specialized metabolites, in particular terpenoids, has largely remained an open question. Yet, knowledge on the natural product background is critical to understand if other compounds modulate the psychotropic pharmacological effects. CubA, the single...
Analogues of 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) are being sold on recreational drug markets and developed as potential medications for psychedelic-assisted therapies. Many of these tryptamine-based psilocybin analogues produce psychedelic-like effects in rodents and humans primarily by agonist activity at serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2A). However, the comprehensive...
The title compound, 4-hydroxy- N -isopropyltryptamine ( 4 ) or 4-HO-NiPT (systematic name: 3-{2-[(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}-1 H -indol-4-ol), C 13 H 18 N 2 O, was synthesized in three steps from 4-benzyloxyindole ( 1 ) (systematic name: 4-phenoxy-1 H -indole), C 15 H 13 NO. ( 1 ) was treated with oxalyl chloride and isopropylamine to produce N -isopropyl-4-benzyloxy-3-indoleglyoxylamide ( 2 )...
4-Phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) is a naturally occurring tertiary amine found in many mushroom species. Psilocybin is a prodrug for 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocin), which induces psychedelic effects via agonist activity at the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor (5-HT2A). Several other 4-position ring-substituted tryptamines are present in psilocybin-containing...
The solid-state structures of two solvated forms of 4-glutarato- N , N -diisopropyltryptamine were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, namely, 5-[(3-{2-[bis(propan-2-yl)azaniumyl]ethyl}-1 H -indol-4-yl)oxy]-5-oxopentanoate methanol monosolvate, C 21 H 30 N 2 O 4 ·CH 3 OH, and the analogous ethanol monosolvate, C 21 H 30 N 2 O 4 ·C 2 H 6 O. In both compounds, the 4-glutarato- N , N...
Aeruginascin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptammonium) is an analogue of psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) that has been identified in several species of psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Our team previously reported the synthesis, structural characterization, and biological activity of the putative metabolite of aeruginascin (4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptammonium;...
Abstract Psilocybe magic mushrooms are best known for their main natural product, psilocybin, and its dephosphorylated congener, the psychedelic metabolite psilocin. Beyond tryptamines, the secondary metabolome of these fungi is poorly understood. The genomes of five species ( P. azurescens , P. cubensis , P. cyanescens , P. mexicana , and P. serbica ) were browsed to understand more profoundly...
The title compound, baeocystin or 4-phosphoryloxy- N -methyltryptamine {systematic name: 3-[2-(methylazaniumyl)ethyl]-1 H -indol-4-yl hydrogen phosphate}, C 11 H 15 N 2 O 4 P, has a single zwitterionic molecule in the asymmetric unit. The molecule has an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond between the ammonium cation and the hydrophosphate anion. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by...
The solid-state structures of the synthetic psychedelic 5-methoxy- N , N -di- n -propyltryptamine (5-MeO-DPT) {systematic name: N -[2-(5-methoxy-1 H -indol-3-yl)ethyl]- N -propylpropan-1-amine}, C 17 H 25 N 2 O, and its fumarate salt, bis(5-methoxy- N , N -di- n -propyltryptammonium) fumarate (systematic name: bis{ N -[2-(5-methoxy-1 H -indol-3-yl)ethyl]- N -propylpropan-1-aminium}...
The solid-state structure of the bufotenine derivative bis(5-methoxy-2, N , N -trimethyltryptammonium) (5-MeO-2-Me-DMT) fumarate (systematic name: bis{[2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1 H -indol-3-yl)ethyl]dimethylazanium} (2 E )-but-2-enedioate), 2C 14 H 21 N 2 O + ·C 4 H 2 O 4 2− , the bufotenidine derivative 5-methoxy-2, N , N , N -tetramethyltryptammonium (5-MeO-2-Me-TMT) iodide {systematic name:...
The solid-state structures of the salts of three psilacetin derivatives, namely, 4-acetoxy- N -ethyl- N -methyltryptammonium (4-AcO-MET) hydrofumarate {systematic name: [2-(4-acetyloxy-1 H -indol-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)ethylazanium 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate}, C 15 H 21 N 2 O 2 + ·C 4 H 3 O 4 − , 4-acetoxy- N -allyl- N -methyltryptammonium (4-AcO-MALT) hydrofumarate {systematic name: [2-(4-acetyloxy-1...
The title compound, 4-hydroxy- N , N -di- n -propyltryptammonium (4-HO-DPT) chloride {systematic name: N -[2-(4-hydroxy-1 H -indol-3-yl)ethyl]- N -propylpropan-1-aminium chloride}, C 16 H 25 N 2 O + ·Cl − , has a singly protonated tryptammonium cation and one chloride anion in the asymmetric unit. A series of N—H...Cl and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds connect the ions together in ladder chains along...
The structures of the hydrofumarate salts of two N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) derivatives, the synthetic psychedelics N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine (EPT) and N-allyl-N-methyltryptamine (MALT), are reported.
The putative active metabolite of aeruginascin, a naturally occurring tryptamine of "magic mushrooms," has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Competitive radioligand binding assays demonstrate that it has a high affinity at human serotonin receptors 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2B, though it does not bind at the 5-HT3 receptor, where activity was previously predicted.
The solid-state structures of the naturally occurring psychoactive tryptamine norpsilocin {4-hydroxy- N -methyltryptamine (4-HO-NMT); systematic name: 3-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1 H -indol-4-ol}, C 11 H 14 N 2 O, and its fumarate salt (4-hydroxy- N -methyltryptammonium fumarate; systematic name: bis{[2-(4-hydroxy-1 H -indol-3-yl)ethyl]methylazanium} but-2-enedioate), C 11 H 15 N 2 O + ·0.5C 4 H 2...
The title compound, bis(4-hydroxy- N -isopropyl- N -methyltryptammonium) (4-HO-MiPT) fumarate (systematic name: bis{[2-(4-hydroxy-1 H -indol-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)propan-2-ylazanium} but-2-enedioate), 2C 14 H 21 N 2 O + ·C 4 H 2 O 4 2− , has a singly protonated tryptammonium cation and one half of a fumarate dianion in the asymmetric unit. The tryptammonium and fumarate ions are held together in...