Consciousness, Continuity and Responsibility: Toward a Stratified Relational Model of Human–Animal Difference
Philosophies March 19, 2026 J. M. Alves Ferreira
The intricate relationships between humans and animals have long shaped philosophical, cultural and scientific inquiry. This narrative review examines evolving conceptions of animal consciousness, agency and sentience within broader historical, ethical and epistemological contexts. Drawing on philosophy, ethology, neuroscience, psychology and animal studies, it critically engages debates on...