Critical roles for breathing in the genesis and modulation of emotional states.
Handbook of clinical neurology January 1, 2022 Ikuo Homma, Anthony G Phillips
Breathing can be classified into metabolic and behavioral categories, with metabolic and voluntary behavioral breathing controlled in the brainstem and cerebral motor cortex, respectively. This chapter emphasizes the reciprocal influences between breathing and emotional processes. Emotions are generated by multiple forebrain control networks, and a respiratory rhythm generator has been investigated in the limbic system. The amygdala receives respiratory-related input from the piriform cortex, where excitatory recurrent branches produce periodic oscillations similar to those in the hippocampus during slow-wave sleep.