Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) show no overall advantage over control conditions for social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms in randomized controlled trials, with a between-group effect size of zero. However, within groups, there is a large pre-post improvement. MBIs outperform no treatment, are comparable to other active treatments, but are less effective than evidence-based treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy. MBIs also reduce depressive symptoms and improve mindfulness, quality of life, and self-compassion. Longer MBI duration is associated with greater symptom relief, and benefits persist for up to 12 months. Single-arm trials show a medium effect. Larger randomized trials are needed.
A meta-analysis of 10 studies found that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with bipolar disorder immediately after treatment, with small-to-moderate effects. Stress also decreased, while mindfulness ability and emotional regulation improved. Manic symptoms were not alleviated. Benefits for depression and anxiety persisted at 3 months but were no longer detectable at 12 months. Controlled trials showed a small reduction in depressive symptoms but not anxiety. The authors conclude MBCT appears effective for depression and anxiety in bipolar disorder, though effects are time-limited and inconsistent, highlighting the need for larger studies and maintenance programs.