Mindfulness training applied to addiction therapy: insights into the neural mechanisms of positive behavioral change
Neuroscience and Neuroeconomics July 1, 2016 Eric L Garland, Matthew O. Howard, Sarah E. Priddy et al. 12 citations
Addiction arises from an imbalance between bottom-up reward-learning processes and top-down executive control in the brain, with drug use weakening prefrontal cognitive control networks and hijacking striatal circuits meant for natural rewards. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) can be seen as mental training that exercises and strengthens these brain networks. This review proposes that MBIs remediate addiction by regulating frontostriatal circuits, restoring balance between top-down and bottom-up processes. Evidence indicates MBIs improve cognitive control over drug-related automaticity, attentional bias, and cue reactivity, while increasing responsiveness to natural rewards. An integrative account of neural mechanisms is offered to inform addiction therapy.