Starting from an account of the structural conditions of subjecthood, this paper argues that those conditions naturally extend into a broader metaphysical and practical framework: Emergent Individual Monism (EIM). EIM holds that individual agents are emergent configurations within a single ontological base, that their standpoints are the primary loci of rational assessment, and that systemic...
Debates about consciousness, artificial intelligence, animal minds, and moral status often conflate distinct questions that require different standards of explanation and assessment. This article distinguishes four such questions: subjectivity, moral patiency, personhood, and autonomous will. It argues that current work has made progress on two tasks—functional and phenomenological...