İbn Sînâcı ve Kartezyen İkiciliğe Dair Bir Karşılaştırma
Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi December 15, 2022 Aykut Alper Yılmaz
Substance dualism is often associated with Descartes, who defined the soul as a thinking substance identical with the mind, encompassing both theoretical thought and phenomenal consciousness (qualia). Ibn Sīnā also held that the soul (nafs) is an immaterial substance distinct from the body, but his dualism differs fundamentally from Descartes'. For Ibn Sīnā, the primary function of the immaterial soul is not phenomenal consciousness—since animals without an immaterial substance also possess sensation and consciousness—but rather universal thought and self-awareness.