Decrease and recovery of integrated information Φ during anesthesia and sleep on human functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Neuroscience of Consciousness 2025 Keiichi Onoda, Satoru Miyauchi, Shigeyuki Kan et al.
Integrated information theory (IIT) offers an axiomatic framework based on phenomenological properties, allowing the quantification and characterization of consciousness through a measure known as Φ. According to IIT, Φ reflects the level of consciousness and is expected to decrease with loss of consciousness, although empirical data supporting this claim remain limited. In this study, we...