Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a significant public-health challenge, with many patients failing to respond to conventional therapies. Ketamine has emerged as a rapid-acting intervention, but quantitative outcomes alone do not capture patients' lived experiences, which shape engagement, acceptability, and adherence. We conducted a narrative review of qualitative and mixed-methods...
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterised by altered perception of self, mood changes, and suicidal ideation. The traditional treatments of BPD, including psychotherapy, fail to provide an immediate response in susceptible patients. However, recent literature has shed light on the use of Ketamine as intervention for suicidal ideation in BPD patients, as well as for patients with...
Chronic stress precipitates depression, yet how gut-immune-brain interactions translate stress into mood pathology remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that stress-primed small intestinal γδ T cells drive hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction and depression-like behavior via interleukin-17A (IL-1A). In mice exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS), we combined behavioral assays...
Objective: To compare acceptability and effectiveness of psilocybin, ketamine and commonly prescribed antidepressants in the management of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Methods: This is a systematic review with network meta-analysis. The survey was conducted between January and June 2023, employing MEDLINE, PsyINFO, Embase, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Randomized...
Individuals with eating disorders (EDs) have an increased risk of treatment resistant depression (TRD) and treatment resistant bipolar disorder (TRBD) and a higher rate of suicidal ideation and death by suicide than individuals without EDs. Individuals with EDs are less responsive to conventional treatments for mood disorders than individuals without EDs. Ketamine has evidence for treatment of...
Ketamine may be a viable treatment option for patients with treatment-resistant post-stroke depression. Further research is warranted to better understand the efficacy and safety of ketamine in this specific patient population.
Intranasal esketamine has proven its worth for patients whose depression will not yield to standard medicines, yet the realities of cost and clinic-based monitoring bar many people from long-term use. The situation is especially frustrating for those who respond spectacularly to a first dose only to watch the benefits fade when they can no longer afford repeat treatments.That was the...
Psychiatry ResearchDecember 1, 2025Ahmed Z Elmaadawi, Imane Naha, Shruti Prabhudesai et al.2 citations
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) poses significant clinical challenges, often necessitating alternative treatments such as intravenous (IV) ketamine or intranasal esketamine. This study compared the effectiveness of these modalities and examined predictors of treatment response, including comorbidity profile, prior antidepressant failures, age, and gender. A retrospective chart review was...
ABSTRACT: Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that has been approved for use as a clinical and veterinary anesthetic since 1970. Although esketamine, a specific molecular form of ketamine, is FDA-approved for the management of treatment-resistant depression, regular ketamine is often used off-label at subanesthetic doses to treat depression as well as other...
NursingDecember 1, 2025Rebecca Ann Ivory, Kathryn M. Pate, Brentyn M Jones et al.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects approximately 332 million people worldwide. Among those diagnosed with MDD, approximately 53% receive pharmacologic treatment, such as ketamine. Nurses must be knowledgeable about ketamine and other emerging, effective behavioral health therapies used to treat chronically depressed mood and acute suicidal ideation. This article outlines the best nursing...