This is the second part of a review of the nonmedical use of ketamine. Part one discussed the history of ketamine, the sought-after effects for which it is taken in a nonmedical context, how these are produced, common adverse effects, the ketamine schizophrenia model and the neurotoxicity issue. Part two reviews what is currently known about problem use of ketamine, ketamine dependence,...
Ketamine is a prescription drug used for general anesthesia. In subanesthetic doses, it induces profound psychedelic experiences and hallucinations. The subanesthetic effect of ketamine was the hypothesized therapeutic mechanism in the authors' use of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy for alcoholism. The results of a controlled clinical trial demonstrated a considerable increase in efficacy of...
The present studies examined whether dependence could be induced by continuous i.v. infusion of phencyclidine (PCP) in rats as demonstrated by disruptions of operant behavior during withdrawal. Rats were trained to lever press for their daily food rations under fixed-ratio 30 schedules of reinforcement during four, daily, 0.5-hr sessions. In the first study, withdrawal from 10 days of PCP...
Anna Stefania Trippel, Ladina Philomena Gubser, Etna Jennifer Elektra Engeli et al.
preprint
Abstract Background: Cocaine is the most frequently used stimulant worldwide, with increasing consumption rates in Europe. Cocaine use is associated with great harm to individuals and society. As of today, psychotherapeutic interventions for cocaine use disorder (CUD) demonstrate only modest effect sizes, and no pharmacotherapy has been approved due to gaps in understanding the disease....