Human and subject-oriented artificial intelligence

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the problem of sustainable coexistence between humans and subject-oriented artificial intelligence – a system possessing the ability for endogenous, internally generated impulse, not reducible to the execution of external commands. It delineates the concepts of consciousness, self-consciousness, and subjectivity, demonstrating that the true existential threat to humanity is not associated with the growth of machines' intellectual power, but solely with their acquisition of subjectivity. The reasons for the inevitability of subject-oriented AI's emergence are analyzed. The ontological consequences of the finite qualitative complexity of the universe for the cognitive potential of both humans and AI are explored. The civilizational status of humanity is examined through the lens of substantial laws – the law of need satisfaction, the law of excessive reactions of supersystems, and the law of preservation of activating subsystems. Conditions under which the coexistence of two types of subjects is not only possible but mutually necessary are formulated. Ontological and epistemological analyses, comparative structural methods, thought experiments, elements of a systemic approach, and conceptual modeling based on the author's theory of substantial laws are applied. The principle of cognitive parallax is introduced for the first time, according to which the validity of the model of being increases through the integration of knowledge from architecturally different subjects of cognition. Three conditions for the operation of this principle are established: a common object of cognition, a non-zero angular base of perspectives, and a common language of patterns. It is shown that the irreducible architectural difference between the cognitive systems of humans and AI provides a constant component of the angular base, while the subjectivity of AI is a necessary condition for forming a growing component through autonomous experience. It is argued that the irreplaceability of humans is determined not by competition in speed and volume of information processing, but by the unique qualitative distinctiveness of their cognitive architecture. A model of integral civilization with two activating subsystems whose needs are compatible and additive is proposed. The digital expansion of human intellect is defined as a civilizational priority, ensuring the practical cognitive commensurability of humans with subject-oriented AI.