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Shamanism, Traditional Beliefs, and Trust in Government in Kazakhstan

Riccardo Pelizzo, Nygmetzhan Kuzenbayev

World Affairs June 1, 2026 DOI: 10.1002/waf2.70095 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Observational survey Peer reviewed
Sample size 351
Population First-year university students in Astana, Kazakhstan
Topics Shamanism
Key findings Traditional beliefs remained widespread among young, educated respondents despite modernization. Regression analyses indicate that knowing someone who follows a traditional religion such as Tengrism or Shamanism is associated with significantly lower trust in government.

Abstract

ABSTRACT: This paper examines how traditional beliefs and practices influence trust in government in Kazakhstan. The country—and the Central Asian region more broadly—has a long and well‐documented history of traditional beliefs, traditional knowledge, and shamanic practices, which makes it an ideal setting to assess whether these cultural legacies continue to shape contemporary political attitudes. To analyze this relationship, we use original survey data collected in 2025 among 351 first‐year university students in Astana. The results show that traditional beliefs remain widespread despite rapid modernization and even among young, educated respondents. Regression analyses reveal that respondents who know someone who follows a traditional religion (such as Tengrism or Shamanism) are significantly less likely to trust the government.

Comparable studies

Other cross-sectional and survey studies on shamanism, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Archetype symbols and altered consciousness: a study of shamanic rituals in the context of Jungian psychology Participants in shamanic rituals 2024 Survey n = 75
Acceptability of shamanic healing for treating psychostimulant dependence: a pilot survey Psychostimulant users in central Arkansas, USA 2014 Survey n = 103
Beliefs in and experiences of sorcery, black magic and brujería among psychedelic users: a quantitative and qualitative survey Adults with personal, professional, or cultural involvement in psychedelics 2026 Cross-sectional survey n = 895
A Spatial Analysis of Shamans in South Korea’s Religious Market Shamanic sites and religious facilities across 229 districts in South Korea 2025 Observational cross-sectional study with spatial regression models
Transpersonal Effects of Exposure to Shamanic Use of Khoomei (Tuvan Throat Singing): Preliminary Evaluations from Training Seminars Western participants who attended Khoomei seminars 2012 Survey study n = 181

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